MA Thesis: “The Tale of Jahannam. ‘Hell’ According to Early Muslim Tradition”

IRIC — Thu, 25 Jan 2024 14:28:51 +0000

MA Thesis: “The Tale of Jahannam. ‘Hell’ According to Early Muslim Tradition”

Author: Nael Abd El-Rahaman

University: McGill University

Date of Award: Winter 2023

Abstract:

This thesis is primarily a study of the concept of Hell in Islam as it was imagined by early Muslims. Hell in Islam has received limited attention by Muslim and Western scholars of Islam, even though it occupies an important place in the events of the Day of Judgment and in the minds of those interested in learning about the Day of Judgment according to Islam.

What happens after death is an important matter discussed in nearly all religions. This is because death is a fact that every living human being will face; death is the end of our journey in this life. In addition, what happens after death is a matter of curiosity that encourages us to ask many questions: Is this it? What could be next? What should I expect?

The relative lack of information about Jahannam, particularly in languages other than Arabic, is among the reasons for the paucity of literature by Western scholars. This study provides information about Jahannam and takes on the task of giving Jahannam the attention it deserves. A general view of Jahannam in Islam will be introduced as well as its topography, its inhabitants, and the types of punishments used in it. In addition, the issue of its permanency will be discussed.

This investigation will focus on the thoughts of the first three generations without introducing later understandings, beliefs, or imaginations. Therefore, it will set aside what is currently said about Jahannam and examines what early generations said about it.

The idea of Hell, or a hell-like place, was formulated long before the emergence of the three major monotheistic religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Some ancient civilizations, such as the Egyptian civilization, developed the concept of “moral” death or an understanding that people after death carry the consequences of their actions in this life into their next one.

Nael Abd El-Rahaman argues that authentic hadith did in fact reflect early Muslims’ understanding of Jahannam. Therefore, the study will substantially rely on what was said by the Prophet related to Jahannam in addition to what is written in the Qurʾān regarding it. As hadith serves as a lamp to shed light on the way early Muslim perceived Jahannam, this study will address methodological and terminological issues related to hadith and discuss how the methods of early hadith critics proved to be reliable in hadith authentication processes.

In most of the world’s religions, religious leaders promote the idea that people should live decent, honest, and moral lives so they may be rewarded generously in the hereafter. In many, it is also taught that those who commit misdeeds in this world will be subjected to severe punishments in the hereafter unless they repent and live moral lives before they die.

In relation to the issue of hadith authenticity, the study will introduce and explore what later came to be the science of Uṣūl al-Hadith and its related genera. It will also touch on the problem of tadlīs (concealing the defects in a hadith) and how hadith critics were aware of it.

Furthermore, because Western scholars generally agree that early hadith critics limited their authentication of hadith to examining isnād (the chain of narrators), the study will also discuss matn or naṣṣ (text) criticism, in particular during the early period of Islam, by providing examples of such criticism applied by al-Ṣaḥābah.

Read the full text HERE.

Source: McGill University

Hell – Islamic Research and Information Center (IRIC)

MA Thesis: “The Tale of Jahannam. ‘Hell’ According to Early Muslim Tradition”